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Using natural products to promote caspase-8-dependent cancer cell death
Leslie Gunatilaka
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2016
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Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth and Expression of Key Molecules in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Suranganie Dharmawardhane, Michelle Martínez-Montemayor
Nutrition and Cancer, 2011
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal and least understood form of advanced breast cancer. Its lethality originates from its nature of invading the lymphatic system and absence of a palpable tumor mass. Different from other metastatic breast cancer cells, IBC cells invade by forming tumor spheroids that retain E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions. Herein we describe the potential of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) as an attractive candidate for anti-IBC therapy. Reishi contains biological compounds that are cytotoxic against cancer cells. We report the effects of Reishi on viability, apoptosis, invasion, and its mechanism of action in IBC cells . Results show that Reishi selectively inhibits cancer cell viability although it does not affect the viability of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Apoptosis induction is consistent with decreased cell viability. Reishi inhibits cell invasion and disrupts the cell spheroids that are characteristic of the IBC invasive pathology. Reishi decreases the expression of genes involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation (BCL-2, TERT, PDGFB), and invasion and metastasis (MMP-9), whereas it increases the expression of IL8. Reishi reduces BCL-2, BCL-XL,
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Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3
Kevin Harvey
International Journal of Oncology, 2004
Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), an oriental medical mushroom, has been widely used in Asian countries for centuries to prevent or treat different diseases, including cancer. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cancer cells remain to be elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum down-regulated the expression of NF-κB-regulated urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR), which resulted in suppression of cell migration of highly invasive human breast and prostate cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3. Our data demonstrate that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner by the down-regulation of expression of cyclin B and Cdc2 and by the up-regulation of p21 expression. The inhibition of cell growth was also demonstrated by cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells with a slight decrease in the expression of NF-κBregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. However, the expression of proapoptotic Bax protein was markedly up-regulated, resulting in the enhancement of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-xl. Thus, Ganoderma lucidum exerts its effect on cancer cells by multiple mechanisms and may have potential therapeutic use for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Ganoderma lucidum inhibits tumour cell proliferation and induces tumour cell death
Daniel Y Lee
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006
Ganoderma lucidum, a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, has been a favourite remedy in oriental medicine for centuries. The objective of this study is to analyze whether G. lucidum affects cancer cell proliferation and cell death. Malignant human breast carcinoma cells were used in our studies. Different preparations of G. lucidum spores were added to the cancer cells at a final concentration of 1 mg/ml followed by incubation of the cultures for two days. Treatment with G. lucidum resulted in tumour cells detachment from the tissue culture plates and death. The proliferation of the adherent cells was also inhibited. The experiments indicated that the inhibitory effects of G. lucidum on cancer cell growth were sporoderm-broken spores (broken by enzymatic method) > sporoderm-broken spores (broken by physical method) > intact spores > buffer control. The polysaccharides isolated from G. lucidum cultivated with wood-logs exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, which was concentration-dependent. These results were confirmed by trypan blue staining and MTT assay. The inhibitory effect of G. lucidum on cell proliferation appeared to occur through the Erk pathway: The expression of Erk was reduced in the presence of G. lucidum polysaccharide.
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Neem oil limonoids induces p53-independent apoptosis and autophagy
Anthony Jones
Carcinogenesis, 2012
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The Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum Caspase 9, and Apoptosis, Leidiq
Basuki Purnomo
2015
Ganoderma Lucidum was reported contained several polysaccharides, triterpenes, sterols, proteins, peptides, and minerals. Vitamins were contained among B1, B2 included potassium, fofor, calcium, magnesium, which totaled more than 200 active elements. Late of physical abilities decline, sexual or psychological abilities associated with de in the blood. By middle age of 45-59 years of age the , including the decline of reproduction function and hormones as the aging process. With increasing life expectancy then the result will be increasing problems of the elderly. : This study aimed to analyze the effect of Glucan Peptide (PSP) in decoction way, in 21 days compared
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Ganoderma lucidum suppresses motility of highly invasive breast and prostate cancer cells
C. Labarrere
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2002
A dried powder from basidiomycetous fungi, Ganoderma lucidum, has been used in East Asia in therapies for several different diseases, including cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the biological actions of Ganoderma are not well understood. We have recently demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and nuclear factor-j B (NF-jB) regulate motility of highly invasive human breast cancer cells by the secretion of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). In this study, we investigated the effect of G. lucidum on highly invasive breast and prostate cancer cells. Here we show that spores or dried fruiting body of G. lucidum inhibit constitutively active transcription factors AP-1 and NF-jB in breast MDA-MB-231 and prostate PC-3 cancer cells. Furthermore, Ganoderma inhibition of expression of uPA and uPA receptor (uPAR), as well secretion of uPA, resulted in the suppression of the migration of MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cells. Our data suggest that spores and unpurified fruiting body of G. lucidum inhibit invasion of breast and prostate cancer cells by a common mechanism and could have potential therapeutic use for cancer treatment.
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Ganoderma lucidum Suppresses Growth of Breast Cancer Cells Through the Inhibition of Akt/NF-κB Signaling
Tatiana Valachovicova
Nutrition and Cancer, 2004
Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi. Lingzhi) is a popular Asian mushroom thai has been used for more than 2 millennia for ihe general promotion of health and was therefore called the "Mushroom of Immortality." Ganoderma lucidum was also used in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent or treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. We previously demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum suppresses the invasive behavior of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the transcription factor NF-KB. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects o/Ganoderma lucidum on the growth of highly invasive and metastatic breast cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-23I cells by downregulating Akt/NF-icB signaling. Ganoderma lucidum suppresses phosphorylation of Akt on Ser^^-^ and downregulates the expression of Akt. which results in the inhibition of NF-KB activity in MDA-MB-23I cells. The biological effect of Ganoderma lucidum was demonstrated by cell cycle arrest at GO/Gl. which was the result of the downregulation of expression of NF-KB-regulated cyclin Dl. followed by the Inhibition of cdk4. Our results suggest that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits the growth of MDA-MB'23l breast cancer cells by modulating Akt/NF-KB signaling and could have potential therapeutic use for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Ganoderma spp.: A Promising Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer
Raysa Rosario
Medicines, 2017
For the past several decades, cancer patients in the U.S. have chosen the use of natural products as an alternative or complimentary medicine approach to treat or improve their quality of life via reduction or prevention of the side effects during or after cancer treatment. The genus Ganoderma includes about 80 species of mushrooms, of which several have been used for centuries in traditional Asian medicine for their medicinal properties, including anticancer and immunoregulatory effects. Numerous bioactive compounds seem to be responsible for their healing effects. Among the approximately 400 compounds produced by Ganoderma spp., triterpenes, peptidoglycans and polysaccharides are the major physiologically-active constituents. Ganoderma anticancer effects are attributed to its efficacy in reducing cancer cell survival and growth, as well as by its chemosensitizing role. In vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted in various cancer cells and animal models; however, in this review, we focus on Ganoderma's efficacy on breast cancers. Evidence shows that some species of Ganoderma have great potential as a natural therapeutic for breast cancer. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate their potential in the clinical setting and to translate our basic scientific findings into therapeutic interventions for cancer patients.
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Immunostimulatory and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum on Breast Cancer Patients
Hakar Saeed
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology, 2018
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women. A key factor in tumour development is the evasion of immune detection, therefore; search for alternative medicines with the ability to improve the function of the immune system and targets tumours cells has received growing interest. Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has been demonstrated to possess anti-tumour and immunomodulatory activities. Little is known about the immunomodulatory effect of GL on BC patients when used with chemotherapeutic agents. We aim to investigate the level of immune biomarkers; interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and adiponectin in these patients.Material and Methods: Forty female patients with BC were included and divided equally into two groups: Group 1 received chemotherapy alone and Group 2 received chemotherapy plus GL capsules (1000 mg twice daily). Blood samples were obtained from all patients before and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. These samples ...
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